Harnessing the Zimbabwean Diaspora for Economic Transformation: Barriers, Opportunities, And Policy Innovations for Investment and Entrepreneurship

This study examines how Zimbabwe can harness its diaspora for economic transformation through innovative policy frameworks addressing barriers, opportunities, and entrepreneurship development. Using qualitative desk review methodology and comparative analysis of global best practices, the study analyses Zimbabwe's diaspora investment potential in the post COVID-19 economic context. The research reveals that Zimbabwe's diaspora remittances of US$1.9 billion (January-September 2024), representing 25% of foreign currency earnings, constitute only the consumption-oriented portion of available diaspora financial capacity. Comparative analysis with successful models from India, Philippines, and Nigeria demonstrates potential annual diaspora investments of US$3.8-5.7 billion under appropriate policy frameworks, representing transformational economic impact beyond current informal investment levels of $200-300 million annually. Key findings identify systemic barriers including regulatory complexity, foreign exchange constraints, institutional weaknesses, and limited formal investment channels that deter productive diaspora engagement. However, the study reveals significant opportunities across five high-potential sectors: agribusiness (US$800M-US$1.2B), renewable energy (US$1.5B-US$2.0B), fintech (US$300M-US$500M), manufacturing (US$1.0B-US$1.5B), and real estate (US$800M-US$1.0B). The research proposes an innovative four-pillar policy framework encompassing institutional governance, digital innovation integration, sectoral investment facilitation, and comprehensive risk mitigation mechanisms. Central innovations include blockchain-based diaspora bonds, AI-powered investment matching systems, and cryptocurrency remittance channels that address traditional barriers while creating new engagement opportunities. Implementation projections suggest potential creation of 50,000-75,000 direct jobs over five years with GDP growth contribution of 2.5-3.0 percentage points annually. The framework is envisaged to transform Zimbabwe's diaspora relationship from passive remittance reception to active investment partnership, facilitating technology transfer, market access, and institutional capacity building. This research contributes the first comprehensive Zimbabwe-specific diaspora investment framework while providing actionable policy innovations for similar developing economies seeking to optimise diaspora engagement for sustainable economic transformation and entrepreneurship development.