Innovative Utilization of Surface-Modified MgFe₂O₄ Nanoparticles for Sustainable Removal of Mixed Heavy Metals from Industrial Wastewater

The removal of heavy metals from industrial wastewater, particularly in paint manufacturing plants, remains a significant environmental challenge due to the toxic nature of metals such as chromium (), lead (), cadmium (), and nickel (). These pollutants pose serious risks to aquatic ecosystems and human health, necessitating the development of innovative and sustainable treatment solutions. This study explores the potential of magnesium ferrite () and its nanoform as advanced materials for heavy metal removal. Characterized by their high surface area, magnetic separability, and cost-effectiveness, nanoparticles () demonstrate superior performance compared to their bulk counterparts in terms of adsorption capacity, kinetics, and magnetic properties. Experimental findings reveal that offer a more efficient and eco-friendly approach to wastewater management, with enhanced reactivity and ease of recovery through magnetic separation. Furthermore, this study identifies a critical research gap in the application of surface-modified for improved adsorption of mixed heavy metals, providing new insights into their potential for sustainable water treatment technologies. By addressing these challenges, the study underscores the promise of as a scalable and effective solution for industrial wastewater purification.