E-Governance 4.0: Integrating AI and IoT for Sustainable and Smart Management of Maha Kumbh 2025

e-Governance 4.0 represents a paradigm shift in public administration, leveraging artificial intelligence (AI) and the Internet of Things (IoT) to create a seamless, efficient, and sustainable governance framework. The Maha Kumbh Mela, one of the world's largest religious congregations, presents unique challenges in crowd management, security, resource allocation, and environmental sustainability. This study explores the role of AI and IoT in transforming the governance of Maha Kumbh through real-time data analytics, automated decision-making, and predictive management. AI-driven surveillance, IoT-enabled smart infrastructure, and blockchain-based digital services ensure enhanced security, optimised traffic control, and effective waste management. Additionally, AI-powered chatbots and digital platforms improve pilgrim engagement, while sustainable IoT solutions contribute to environmental conservation. By integrating these advanced technologies, e-Governance 4.0 fosters a resilient, adaptive, and citizen-centric approach to managing large-scale events. This paper highlights key technological innovations and policy recommendations for implementing AI- and IoT-driven governance models in future mega-events. Leveraging innovations in artificial intelligence (AI), the IoT, blockchain, and cloud computing, organizers may develop an integrated system designed to enhance safety, streamline logistics, and improve the overall pilgrim experience. This paper outlines the methods and lessons learned, to propose a conceptual framework for managing future mass gatherings.