Theoretical Principles Of Forming Logistics Strategies In Foreign Economic Activities Of Retail Trade Enterprises

The article examines the theoretical foundations of the formation of logistics strategies in the foreign economic activity of retail trade enterprises under conditions of globalization, increasing competition, and instability of the international market environment. It is substantiated that logistics activity has become one of the key factors in ensuring the competitiveness, adaptability, and sustainable development of enterprises engaged in foreign economic operations. Particular attention is paid to the challenges faced by Ukrainian retail enterprises under martial law, disruption of international supply chains, transformation of logistics routes, and the need to integrate into the European economic space. The study systematizes the main scientific approaches to the formation of logistics strategies in foreign economic activity, including general, systemic, functional, process-oriented, adaptive, and integrated approaches. Their essential characteristics, advantages, and limitations are identified. It is determined that the choice of a specific approach depends on the enterprise’s field of activity, the scale of operations, the level of environmental uncertainty, and strategic development priorities. The research proves that the integrated application of various approaches enables the creation of a flexible and effective logistics strategy capable of responding promptly to changes in the external environment. The article also identifies the key principles of logistics strategy formation in foreign economic activity, namely: systematicity, complexity, customer orientation, efficiency and optimization, use of modern technologies, flexibility and adaptability, innovativeness, and environmental sustainability. It is established that adherence to these principles contributes to the optimization of material, information, and financial flows, enhances the reliability of logistics systems, and strengthens the competitive position of enterprises in international markets. The relationship between theoretical approaches and the principles of logistics strategy formation is generalized, which allowed determining the specifics of their practical implementation in the management system of retail enterprises. It is substantiated that the effectiveness of logistics strategy in foreign economic activity depends not only on the selected management approach but also on the enterprise’s ability to integrate strategic logistics principles into a unified management system.