An Analysis of IPAT Equation in the Face of Technological Advancement in the Philippines

Purpose: This study analyzes the factors contributing to environmental impact using the IPAT equation (Impact = Population × Affluence × Technology). The research aims to explore the dynamics between population, consumption, technology, and environment. The research seeks to provide insights to policymakers and future researchers for developing strategies and policies to mitigate the adverse effects of these factors, with a particular focus on technological progress with sustainable environmental management. Methodology: The study employs a quantitative research approach to examine the relationship between environmental impact and independent variables: population, affluence, and technological advancement (measured as population growth, GDP per capita growth, and high-technology exports) in the Philippines from 1992 to 2022. The analysis uses secondary data sourced from the World Development Indicator DataBank. Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression is applied to evaluate the effect of independent variables on dependent variable. Findings: The results emphasize the direct contribution of population and affluence to the environmental impact, while the role of technology remains inconclusive. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The study contributes to policy by emphasizing the need for measures to address the environmental challenges caused by population growth and economic activities in the Philippines. This study recommends policies to mitigate overconsumption, alongside stricter pollution control measures to foster sustainable production practices. Despite the insignificant relationship between technology and the environment, the study highlights the importance of adopting cleaner technologies. Environmental impact assessments for production technologies and policies supporting green and low-carbon innovations, are proposed to ensure sustainability. These recommendations aim to balance economic growth and environmental protection.