Accelerating the Energy Transition: Thailand’s Strategic Pathways to Achieve Carbon Neutrality by 2050

Purpose: This study explores Thailand’s strategic pathways towards achieving carbon neutrality in the energy sector by 2050. It aims to analyze the effectiveness and ambition of Thailand’s existing mitigation policies and plans, particularly focusing on the Thailand Integrated Energy Blueprint (TIEB), in guiding a just, inclusive, and sustainable energy transition. Methodology: A qualitative content analysis approach was employed to review national and sectoral policy documents, including Thailand’s Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs), the Long-Term Low Greenhouse Gas Emission Development Strategy (LT-LEDS), and the TIEB framework. The study critically assessed these plans against international decarbonization benchmarks and examined sectoral coherence, governance mechanisms, and implementation challenges. Findings: The analysis reveals that while Thailand has taken commendable steps towards low-carbon development, significant gaps remain in policy integration, renewable energy scaling, and equitable transition planning. The study identifies a misalignment between policy ambition and implementation mechanisms, along with a need for stronger institutional coordination and stakeholder engagement. Moreover, the reliance on natural gas and carbon offsets may undermine long-term decarbonization goals. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice, and Policy: This paper offers a critical lens on Thailand’s decarbonization efforts, contributing to the theoretical understanding of integrated climate-energy policy frameworks in Southeast Asia. It provides practical insights for policymakers on addressing institutional fragmentation, enhancing governance, and aligning national plans with global climate targets. For practitioners, it highlights the importance of inclusive stakeholder engagement and transparent monitoring systems to foster a just transition.