Influence of Environmental Enrichment on Stress Levels in Captive Swine

Purpose: The aim of the study was to assess the influence of environmental enrichment on stress levels in captive swine. Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries. Findings: The study revealed that enriched environments can lead to lower cortisol levels, a biomarker of stress, compared to barren environments. Additionally, swine in enriched settings exhibit fewer stress-related behaviors such as tail biting and aggression. The presence of enrichment objects not only provides physical stimulation but also mental engagement, which is crucial for the psychological well-being of these animals. By mitigating stress, environmental enrichment contributes to better growth rates, enhanced immune function, and improved reproductive performance, thereby benefiting both the animals and the farming operations. These findings underscore the importance of incorporating environmental enrichment strategies in swine husbandry to promote animal welfare and optimize productivity. Implications to Theory, Practice and Policy: Biopsychosocial model, stress-buffering hypothesis and cognitive activation theory of stress (CATS) may be used to anchor future studies on assessing influence of environmental enrichment on stress levels in captive swine. Practical recommendations include integrating diverse enrichment strategies into daily husbandry practices tailored to the specific needs and preferences of swine populations. Policy recommendations should advocate for the inclusion of environmental enrichment standards in animal welfare regulations and guidelines for intensive farming operations.