Role of Nutrition in Enhancing Immune Response in Calves

Purpose: The aim of the study was to assess the role of nutrition in enhancing immune response in calves Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries. Findings: The study revealed that proper nutrition ensures that calves receive essential nutrients necessary for the optimal functioning of their immune system. Key nutrients such as proteins, vitamins, and minerals are critical in the development and maintenance of immune cells and the production of antibodies. For instance, adequate intake of colostrum, the first milk produced by the mother, provides calves with vital antibodies and immunoglobulins that are crucial for early immune defense. Additionally, specific nutrients like vitamin E and selenium have been shown to boost the immune response by protecting cells from oxidative stress and supporting the function of white blood cells. Omega-3 fatty acids also play a role in modulating inflammation and enhancing the immune response. Furthermore, balanced nutrition helps maintain gut health, which is essential for the development of a robust immune system, as a significant portion of the immune system resides in the gastrointestinal tract. Implications to Theory, Practice and Policy: Ecological systems theory, nutritional immunology and optimal foraging theory may be used to anchor future studies on assessing the role of nutrition in enhancing immune response in calves. The research on nutrition and immune response in calves has significant implications for feeding practices and herd management. The informs the development of guidelines and regulations aimed at improving animal welfare and production efficiency.