Effect of Environmental Enrichment on Behavioral and Physiological Welfare Indicators in Laboratory Mice in Eritrea

Purpose: The aim of the study was to assess the effect of environmental enrichment on behavioral and physiological welfare indicators in laboratory mice in Eritrea. Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries. Findings: The study on environmental enrichment included features like running wheels, nesting material, and tunnels, providing a more stimulating environment compared to standard laboratory housing. The findings revealed significant improvements in the behavioral welfare of mice housed in enriched environments, including reduced stereotypic behaviors and increased exploration and social interactions. Additionally, physiological indicators such as reduced stress hormone levels and enhanced immune function were observed in mice exposed to environmental enrichment. These results suggest that enriching the living conditions of laboratory mice can positively affect their welfare, both behaviorally and physiologically, highlighting the importance of considering environmental factors in animal research settings. Implications to Theory, Practice and Policy: Environmental enrichment theory, stress reduction theory and neuroplasticity theory may be used to anchor future studies on assessing the effect of environmental enrichment on behavioral and physiological welfare indicators in laboratory mice in Eritrea. To ensure consistent and reproducible outcomes across research facilities, it is imperative to develop standardized protocols for environmental enrichment in laboratory mouse housing. Regulatory bodies and funding agencies should consider incorporating specific requirements for environmental enrichment into animal welfare guidelines and research protocols.