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Disorderly climate transition: the risks for financial markets?
[Transition climatique désordonnée : quels risques pour les marchés financiers ?]

Author

Listed:
  • Paul Champey
  • Léopold Gosset
  • Xavier Jacquemier
  • Tristan Jourde
  • Fulvio Pegoraro
  • Sofía Ruiz Romanos
  • Dilyara Salakhova
  • Pierre Sola

Abstract

If the transition to a low-carbon economy were to be delayed, abrupt and uncoordinated, it could lead to substantial losses on the financial markets. According to the forward-looking indicator presented in this article, equities would be the most exposed financial assets at global level, facing a sharp correction of 6.8% on average. However this number would vary considerably across different sectors. It could amount to as much as -24% for fossil fuels, where some companies would lose most of their value. Corporate and sovereign bonds would be less sensitive to these developments. The French financial sector (i.e. banks, insurers and investment funds) appears capable of absorbing the transition risk, particularly thanks to the sectoral diversification of portfolios, however, some players could face greater losses. These estimates do not take aggravating factors into account: the difficulties of adapting physical capital, the potential amplification of financial shocks, and the materialisation of physical risks linked to climate change whose effects could prove more severe in the medium term. Engagée de manière tardive, soudaine et non coordonnée, la transition vers une économie bas-carbone pourrait engendrer des pertes importantes sur les marchés financiers. Selon l’indicateur prospectif présenté dans cet article, les actions seraient les actifs financiers les plus exposés au niveau mondial, avec une correction brutale de – 6,8 % en moyenne, mais très hétérogène entre secteurs. Elle atteindrait – 24 % pour celui des combustibles fossiles, où certaines entreprises perdraient l’essentiel de leur valeur. La sensibilité des obligations d’entreprise et des obligations souveraines serait plus modérée. Le risque de transition semble absorbable pour le secteur financier français (banques, assurances, fonds d’investissement), notamment grâce à la diversification sectorielle des portefeuilles. Néanmoins, certains acteurs financiers pourraient faire face à des pertes plus importantes. Ces estimations omettent des facteurs aggravants : les difficultés d’adaptation du capital physique, l’amplification potentielle des chocs financiers, et la matérialisation des risques physiques liés au changement climatique, dont les effets pourraient s’avérer plus sévères à moyen terme.

Suggested Citation

  • Paul Champey & Léopold Gosset & Xavier Jacquemier & Tristan Jourde & Fulvio Pegoraro & Sofía Ruiz Romanos & Dilyara Salakhova & Pierre Sola, 2026. "Disorderly climate transition: the risks for financial markets? [Transition climatique désordonnée : quels risques pour les marchés financiers ?]," Bulletin de la Banque de France, Banque de France, issue 262.
  • Handle: RePEc:bfr:bullbf:2026:262:02
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    File URL: https://www.banque-france.fr/system/files/2026-03/825117_BDF262_2_Climat_EN_Vfinale.pdf
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