Author
Listed:
- Annabelle De Gaye
- Pierre Beynet
Abstract
The impact of low carbon transition policies on foreign trade has not been greatly explored, but the gradual implementation of the Paris Agreement pledges and macroeconomic transition scenarios such as those prepared by the NGFS (Network for Greening the Financial System) are providing some insight on the issue. The transition could lead to a reduction in global trade due to the expected decline in fossil fuel imports, which would see the trade balances of advanced countries, which are net importers, improve at the expense of fossil fuel exporters. However, the financing for the investments needed will be a determining factor. If the public deficits of advanced countries increase as a result of these investments, their current account balances could deteriorate. Furthermore, if oil-producing countries anticipate the transition by reducing their fossil fuel investments, the negative effect of the transition on their current account would be mitigated. Lastly, private capital flows must be directed towards the green sectors of emerging economies to ensure a balanced transition. L’impact des politiques de transition bas carbone sur les échanges extérieurs a été peu exploré, mais la mise en œuvre graduelle des engagements de l’accord de Paris et les scénarios macroéconomiques de transition, comme ceux du NGFS (Réseau pour le verdissement du système financier), permettent d’éclairer cette question. La transition pourrait réduire les échanges commerciaux mondiaux en raison du recul attendu des importations d’énergie fossile. Les pays avancés, importateurs nets, verraient leurs balances commerciales s’améliorer, au détriment des exportateurs d’énergie fossile. Cependant, le financement des investissements nécessaires sera déterminant. Si ces investissements creusent le déficit public des pays avancés, leur balance courante pourrait diminuer. Par ailleurs, si les producteurs de pétrole anticipaient la transition en réduisant leurs investissements fossiles, l’effet de la transition sur leur balance courante serait moins négatif. Enfin, il est essentiel de diriger les flux de capitaux privés vers les secteurs verts des économies émergentes pour garantir une transition équilibrée.
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