Author
Listed:
- Marion Cochard
- Corentin Deredec
Abstract
In 2024, public spending in France stood at 57.2% of GDP, among the highest in the euro area, just behind Finland. In 2023, the last year for which a breakdown of spending by function is available, France ranked first, with spending 7.5 percentage points of GDP higher than the euro area average (+9.3 percentage points of GDP compared to the euro area excluding France). This gap has widened significantly since 2001, when it stood at 5.5 percentage points of GDP (6.9 percentage points of GDP compared to the euro area excluding France). Two thirds of this gap can be explained by significantly higher social protection spending (+5.0 percentage points of GDP), and the remaining third by greater spending in certain sectors (economic affairs, housing, education). A comparison of public spending by function shows national differences in the level, structure, and efficiency of public spending, although these differences also reflect differences in tax practices, accounting, and public private financing En 2024, la France affiche un niveau de dépense publique de 57,2 % du PIB, parmi les plus élevés de la zone euro, juste derrière la Finlande. En 2023, dernière année où la décomposition des dépenses par fonction est disponible, elle occupait la première place, avec un niveau de dépense supérieur de + 7,5 points de PIB à la moyenne de la zone euro (+ 9,3 ppib par rapport à la zone euro hors France). Cet écart a significativement augmenté depuis 2001, où il était de 5,5 ppib (6,9 ppib par rapport à la zone euro hors France). Pour les deux tiers, il s’explique par des dépenses de protection sociale nettement supérieures (+ 5,0 ppib), et pour le tiers restant par un poids plus élevé dans certains secteurs (affaires économiques, logement, enseignement). Comparer les dépenses publiques par fonction révèle des spécificités nationales en matière de niveau, de structure et d’efficience de la dépense, bien que ces écarts reflètent aussi des différences de pratiques fiscales, de comptabilité ou de partage public privé.
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