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Tracking the recent profound shifts in the relocation of production by major French automotive groups
[L’insertion internationale des grands groupes automobiles français s’est profondément transformée depuis dix ans]

Author

Listed:
  • Barbara Castelleti Font
  • Antoine Lalliard

Abstract

Since 2018, the contribution of French automotive sector industrial groups to the current account balance of goods has fallen sharply, despite remaining positive (due to the increase in merchanting). Their trade balance registered through French Customs has fallen into deficit, with French automotive groups now importing more manufactured goods from abroad than they manufacture in France for export. This trend reflects an acceleration in the shift of value chains abroad, with assembly plants being developed outside France (mainly in Europe), and a growing dependence on foreign sourced intermediate inputs, particularly from China. This internationalisation by manufacturing on foreign sites has been accompanied by an increase in total exports (customs and merchanting), but a decline in the sector’s trade balance Depuis 2018, la contribution des groupes industriels français du secteur automobile au solde courant des biens a fortement diminué, tout en restant positive (grâce à la montée du négoce international). Leur solde en douanes est en effet devenu négatif, les groupes automobiles français important désormais davantage de biens manufacturés à l’étranger qu’ils n’exportent de biens fabriqués en France. Cette évolution s’explique par l’accélération du déplacement des chaînes de valeur vers l’étranger, avec le développement des unités d’assemblage hors de France (principalement en Europe) et une dépendance croissante aux consommations intermédiaires d’origine étrangère, notamment chinoise. Cette internationalisation par production sur des sites à l’étranger s’est accompagnée d’un renforcement des exportations totales (douanes et négoce), mais d’un recul du solde commercial de ce secteur.

Suggested Citation

  • Barbara Castelleti Font & Antoine Lalliard, 2025. "Tracking the recent profound shifts in the relocation of production by major French automotive groups [L’insertion internationale des grands groupes automobiles français s’est profondément transfor," Bulletin de la Banque de France, Banque de France, issue 259.
  • Handle: RePEc:bfr:bullbf:2025:259:03
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