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From credit repayment incidents to overindebtedness: aggregate developments and individual trajectories
[Des incidents de remboursement de crédit au surendettement : analyse agrégée et trajectoires individuelles]

Author

Listed:
  • Laure Lalouette
  • Sidina Medani
  • Jérémi Montornès

Abstract

The Fichier national des incidents de remboursement des crédits aux particuliers (FICP – National Register of Household Credit Repayment Incidents) records payment incidents related to loans. In the event of persistent difficulties, individuals can apply for debt restructuring to find a solution tailored to their situation. At the aggregate level, there is a relationship between the number of new cases recorded in the FICP and the number of debt restructuring applications filed 12 months later. In 2024, 58% of applicants had experienced at least one payment incident over the 2016-24 period. These individuals tend to be more indebted, younger and better integrated into the labour market than those that have never had a payment incident. However, the latter group still accounted for 42% of applications in 2024, suggesting that payment incidents are not necessarily a precondition for overindebtedness Le Fichier national des incidents de remboursement des crédits aux particuliers (FICP) recense les incidents de paiement liés aux emprunts. En cas de difficultés persistantes, les particuliers peuvent déposer un dossier de surendettement afin de trouver une solution adaptée à leur situation. Au niveau agrégé, il existe une relation entre le nombre d’inscriptions au FICP et le nombre de dossiers de surendettement déposés, avec un décalage de 12 mois. Ainsi, 58 % des déposants en 2024 ont connu au moins un incident de paiement sur la période 2016 2024. Ces personnes sont plus endettées, plus jeunes et mieux insérées sur le marché du travail que celles qui n’ont jamais eu d’incident de paiement. Ces dernières sont tout de même à l’origine de 42 % des dépôts de dossiers en 2024, ce qui suggère que les incidents de paiement ne constituent pas un passage obligé vers le surendettement.

Suggested Citation

  • Laure Lalouette & Sidina Medani & Jérémi Montornès, 2025. "From credit repayment incidents to overindebtedness: aggregate developments and individual trajectories [Des incidents de remboursement de crédit au surendettement : analyse agrégée et trajectoires," Bulletin de la Banque de France, Banque de France, issue 258.
  • Handle: RePEc:bfr:bullbf:2025:258:02
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    File URL: https://www.banque-france.fr/system/files/2025-09/BDF258-2_Overindebtedness_web.pdf
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    File URL: https://www.banque-france.fr/system/files/2025-06/BDF258-2_Surendettement_Incidents-rbt-credit.pdf
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