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Can innovation in payment systems affect the ranking of international currencies? Title: L’innovation dans les systèmes de paiement peut-elle affecter la hiérarchie des devises internationales ?

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  • Léo Amsellem
  • Nathan Crespy
  • Karine Ishii
  • Fabio Grieco

Abstract

The international monetary system (IMS) remains dominated by the US dollar for all functions of an international currency. However, two recent dynamics could threaten this supremacy: rising geopolitical tensions and technological innovations in cross-border payment systems. The disorderly expansion of innovative initiatives, driven by the desire of some large emerging countries to become less dependent on the US dollar, could indeed pose a risk of fragmentation of the IMS. The Eurosystem is pursuing a firm strategy to modernise its infrastructure, which emphasises its strategic autonomy while actively contributing to multilateral efforts and international cooperation in this area. Financial innovations could help change the IMS by lowering transaction costs between currency pairs. However, empirical studies on this subject remain to be developed. Le système monétaire international (SMI) demeure marqué par la prédominance du dollar américain sur l’ensemble des fonctions d’une devise internationale. Deux dynamiques récentes pourraient toutefois menacer cette suprématie : les tensions géopolitiques croissantes et les innovations technologiques dans les systèmes de paiement transfrontières. Le développement désordonné d’initiatives innovantes, poussé par la volonté d’autonomisation de certains grands pays émergents vis à vis du dollar américain, pourrait en effet représenter un risque de fragmentation du SMI. L’Eurosystème adopte une stratégie résolue de modernisation de ses infrastructures, qui met l’accent sur son autonomie stratégique tout en participant activement aux efforts multilatéraux et à la coopération internationale dans ce domaine. Les innovations financières pourraient contribuer à modifier le SMI en abaissant les coûts de transaction entre devises deux à deux. Les études empiriques sur le sujet restent toutefois à développer

Suggested Citation

  • Léo Amsellem & Nathan Crespy & Karine Ishii & Fabio Grieco, 2025. "Can innovation in payment systems affect the ranking of international currencies? Title: L’innovation dans les systèmes de paiement peut-elle affecter la hiérarchie des devises internationales ?," Bulletin de la Banque de France, Banque de France, issue 258.
  • Handle: RePEc:bfr:bullbf:2025:258:01
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