Theory and practice of preventive socio-economic policy: experience of the Republic of Tajikistan

This article examines the theoretical foundations and practical implementation of preventive socio-economic policy within the context of a transforming open economy, using the Republic of Tajikistan as a case study. The study argues that contemporary global economic instability necessitates a shift from reactive anti-crisis measures toward proactive, preventive approaches embedded in national development strategies. Drawing on evolutionary economic theory and the concept of transformational open economic systems, the paper conceptualizes preventive policy as a mechanism of managed evolution aimed at mitigating systemic risks, reducing transaction and fiduciary costs, and aligning the behavior of economic agents with long-term development goals. The analysis highlights the critical role of institutional compromise between the state and market actors in ensuring macroeconomic stability and competitiveness. Particular attention is given to Tajikistan’s experience in overcoming post-Soviet transformation challenges, including civil conflict, economic collapse, and structural imbalances, followed by the successful implementation of strategic development programs. Empirical evidence demonstrates that preventive measures – such as macroeconomic monitoring, diversification, support for entrepreneurship, and social protection – have contributed to sustained economic growth and resilience to external shocks. The paper concludes that preventive socio-economic policy represents an essential paradigm for developing economies, enabling them to enhance adaptive capacity, ensure sustainable development, and effectively respond to global uncertainties.