Roles of Wildlife Reservoirs in the Maintenance and Transmission of Zoonotic Diseases in Nigeria

Purpose: The aim of the study was to examine roles of wildlife reservoirs in the maintenance and transmission of zoonotic diseases in Nigeria. Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries. Findings: The study revealed that wildlife populations serve as reservoirs for a diverse array of pathogens, including viruses, bacteria, and parasites, many of which have the potential to spill over into human populations and cause disease outbreaks. Factors such as habitat destruction, encroachment into wildlife habitats, wildlife trade, and climate change contribute to increased interactions between humans and wildlife, facilitating the transmission of zoonotic pathogens. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Ecological niche theory & Host-Pathogen Coevolution Theory may be used to anchor future studies on roles of wildlife reservoirs in the maintenance and transmission of zoonotic diseases in Nigeria. Strengthen surveillance systems to monitor wildlife populations, identify emerging zoonotic pathogens, and assess the risk of spillover events. This includes implementing targeted surveillance programs in high-risk regions and species known to harbor zoonotic pathogens. Develop and implement wildlife conservation policies that prioritize the protection of biodiversity and ecosystem health while considering the potential risks associated with zoonotic disease transmission.