Relationship between Human Disturbance and Bat Species Diversity in Urban Green Spaces in Costa Rica

Purpose: To aim of the study was to analyze the relationship between human disturbance and bat species diversity in urban green spaces in Costa Rica. Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries. Findings: Studies on urban green spaces in Costa Rica reveal that human disturbance, such as habitat fragmentation and artificial lighting, generally reduces bat species diversity. While some adaptable species may thrive, overall bat richness and abundance decline due to habitat loss and alteration. Conservation efforts should focus on mitigating these impacts to sustain diverse bat populations in urban environments. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Habitat fragmentation theory, behavioral ecology theory & ecosystem services theory may be used to anchor future studies on relationship between human disturbance and bat species diversity in urban green spaces in Costa Rica In practice, it is essential to integrate biodiversity conservation into urban planning frameworks. Policy recommendations focus on incorporating biodiversity conservation goals into urban development policies and regulations. Policies should support the designation of green infrastructure networks and protected areas within urban landscapes to maintain ecological connectivity for bats and other wildlife.