Environmental Factors and Societal Adaptation in Pre-Columbian Mesoamerica

Purpose: To aim of the study was to analyze the environmental factors and societal adaptation in Pre-Columbian Mesoamerica. Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries. Findings: Environmental factors profoundly shaped societal adaptation in Pre-Columbian Mesoamerica. The region's diverse landscapes influenced settlement patterns, agriculture, and trade. Civilizations like the Maya, Aztec, and Olmec developed innovative techniques such as terracing and chinampas to navigate varied environments. They integrated environmental elements into religious beliefs and urban planning but faced challenges like droughts and environmental degradation, showcasing the intricate relationship between human societies and their surroundings. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Environmental determinism, cultural ecology & resilience theory may be used to anchor future studies on the environmental factors and societal adaptation in Pre-Columbian Mesoamerica. Develop practical insights into historical trade routes, understanding their impact on local economies, infrastructure development, and urbanization patterns. Recommend policies for infrastructure development along historical trade routes to enhance connectivity, trade facilitation, and regional economic integration. Advocate for policies to preserve and promote cultural heritage along the Silk Road, fostering tourism, education, and cultural exchange opportunities.