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Efectivo y Pagos Electrónicos

Author

Listed:
  • Carlos A. Arango-Arango
  • Fernando Arias-Rodríguez
  • Norberto Rodríguez-Niño
  • Nicolás F. Suárez-Ariza
  • Héctor M. Zárate-Solano

Abstract

Una paradoja que se presenta a nivel mundial es la creciente demanda por efectivo, a pesar de los altos ritmos de adopción de los pagos electrónicos. En este artículo presentamos evidencia internacional de que la demanda creciente de efectivo se da aun con el efecto negativo que los pagos electrónicos ejercen sobre dicha demanda. En nuestras estimaciones, este efecto es más que compensado por el impacto que tienen el crecimiento en la actividad económica, la reducción en los costos de oportunidad, y, en menor grado, las actividades económicas informales y al margen de la ley sobre la demanda de efectivo. Dado que los sistemas de pago electrónicos reducen la dependencia del efectivo, nos preguntarnos por qué su uso es tan limitado en Colombia. Mostramos que, aunque el público ha alcanzado un amplio acceso a instrumentos de pago electrónicos, como las tarjetas débito, la aceptación por parte de los comercios es limitada. Este desbalance entre los dos lados del mercado impide que se materialicen los efectos de red que podrían propiciar un mayor uso de estos sistemas. Nuestros resultados sugieren que políticas de oferta que incentiven la competencia en los servicios de afiliación de los comercios y hagan más asequible el acceso de los usuarios finales a los sistemas de pago electrónicos; y políticas de demanda que promuevan la formalidad y la educación financiera podrían promover su uso y la aceptación con benéficos significativos para los colombianos. ****** Cash balances are growing in developed and developing economies in spite of the strong adoption of electronic payments. In this paper we show that global advances in the use of electronic payment systems do curtail the demand for cash. Yet, the positive impact on the demand for cash of income growth, lower interest rates, and, to a lesser extent, of activities in the informal and illegal sectors tend to offset this effect. The fact that electronic payment systems reduce the dependence on cash begs the question of why countries like Colombia fall short in the use of these networks. We present evidence that, although the public has gained wide access to electronic payment instruments, such as debit cards, acceptance is low on the merchant side. We show that this imbalance between the two sides of the market deters the unleashing of network forces that could deepen the use of electronic payments. We argue that supply-side policies which make affiliation of merchants to electronic payment systems more competitive and affordable and demand-side policies that promote formality and financial education could rise use and acceptance, bringing about significant benefits to Colombians.

Suggested Citation

  • Carlos A. Arango-Arango & Fernando Arias-Rodríguez & Norberto Rodríguez-Niño & Nicolás F. Suárez-Ariza & Héctor M. Zárate-Solano, 2020. "Efectivo y Pagos Electrónicos," Revista ESPE - Ensayos sobre Política Económica, Banco de la Republica de Colombia, issue 93, pages 1-76, February.
  • Handle: RePEc:bdr:ensayo:y:2020:i:93:p:1-76
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    File URL: https://repositorio.banrep.gov.co/bitstream/handle/20.500.12134/9808/ESPE93.pdf
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    Cited by:

    1. Arango-Arango, Carlos A. & Betancourt-García, Yanneth Rocío & Restrepo-Bernal, Manuela, 2022. "An application of the tourist test to Colombian merchants," Latin American Journal of Central Banking (previously Monetaria), Elsevier, vol. 3(4).
    2. Carlos A. Arango-Arango & Yanneth Rocío Betancourt-García & Manuela Restrepo-Bernal & Germán Zuluaga-Giraldo, 2021. "Pagos electrónicos y uso del efectivo en los comercios colombianos 2020," Borradores de Economia 1180, Banco de la Republica de Colombia.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    efectivo; pagos electrónicos; sistemas de pago; demanda de dinero; redes de tarjetas; mercados de dos lados; cash; electronic payments; payment systems; demand for money; card networks; two sided markets;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • E41 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Money and Interest Rates - - - Demand for Money
    • E42 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Money and Interest Rates - - - Monetary Sytsems; Standards; Regimes; Government and the Monetary System
    • E58 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit - - - Central Banks and Their Policies
    • G20 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - General
    • O33 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Innovation; Research and Development; Technological Change; Intellectual Property Rights - - - Technological Change: Choices and Consequences; Diffusion Processes

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