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La adopción de la inteligencia artificial en las empresas españolas: un primer análisis basado en la EBAE

Author

Listed:
  • Alejandro Fernández Cerezo

    (Banco de España)

  • Ignacio Hidalgo

    (Banco de España)

  • Mario Izquierdo

    (Banco de España)

Abstract

Motivación La inteligencia artificial (IA) tiene un gran potencial transformador de las economías y los mercados laborales. Este artículo analiza, a partir de la Encuesta del Banco de España sobre la Actividad Empresarial (EBAE), la adopción de sistemas de IA por parte de las empresas españolas. Ideas principales •Casi el 20 % de las empresas españolas encuestadas emplean sistemas de IA, tasa inferior a la de Alemania, pero superior a la de Italia, si bien en la mayoría de ellas el uso de la IA se encuentra aún en una fase experimental. •La adopción de la IA es mayor en servicios tecnológicos y en empresas grandes, productivas y jóvenes. Los principales obstáculos son la falta de mano de obra cualificada, los altos costes de implantación y la indisponibilidad de datos. •Las empresas españolas usan la IA principalmente para optimizar procesos internos y en marketing, y la automatización de tareas y la innovación tienen un uso limitado. El 80 % creen que la IA no afectará al empleo, pero las que ya la usan esperan un impacto positivo.

Suggested Citation

  • Alejandro Fernández Cerezo & Ignacio Hidalgo & Mario Izquierdo, 2025. "La adopción de la inteligencia artificial en las empresas españolas: un primer análisis basado en la EBAE," Boletín Económico, Banco de España, issue 2025/T2.
    • Handle: RePEc:bde:joures:y:2025:i:02:n:06
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.53479/39705
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Inteligencia artificial; adopción de tecnología; productividad;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • E22 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Consumption, Saving, Production, Employment, and Investment - - - Investment; Capital; Intangible Capital; Capacity
    • H32 - Public Economics - - Fiscal Policies and Behavior of Economic Agents - - - Firm
    • L25 - Industrial Organization - - Firm Objectives, Organization, and Behavior - - - Firm Performance
    • O33 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Innovation; Research and Development; Technological Change; Intellectual Property Rights - - - Technological Change: Choices and Consequences; Diffusion Processes

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