Migration and Labour Force in Kosovo: Evidence from Survey Data Using R

Emigration is one of the most significant socio-economic phenomena that has systematically influenced the structure of the labour force in the Republic of Kosovo. Over the past decades, the country has experienced high levels of emigration, particularly among young people and individuals of working age, driven by economic factors such as high unemployment, low wages, limited professional opportunities, and more favourable living and working conditions abroad. This study aims to analyse the impact of emigration on Kosovo’s workforce, with a particular focus on its demographic, economic, and social dimensions. The study employs a quantitative research approach based on statistical data analysis, combining both primary and secondary data sources. Primary data were collected through a questionnaire administered to 199 respondents across most municipalities in the country, examining migration motives, individual experiences, and perceived impacts on the local labour market. These data were processed and analysed using the statistical software R. Secondary data were obtained from official national and international sources. The results indicate that a considerable proportion of respondents intend to emigrate, reflecting a strong out-migration tendency, particularly among young people and the unemployed, as well as a notable propensity among skilled professionals. The study concludes that mitigating the negative effects of emigration on the labour force requires the implementation of sustainable employment policies, improvements in working conditions, and the creation of meaningful opportunities for the professional integration of young people and returning migrants.