Understanding the human factor in financial crime compliance

Financial crime compliance (FCC) is a complex and multifaceted field that requires a thorough understanding of various risks, including those related to human behaviour. In risk management, it is common to assume that the human factor is a source of risk without fully understanding the root causes or finding solutions that are widely understood. This paper aims to shed light on the concept of human risk in FCC by examining both the compliance perspective and the cognitive psychology of human behaviour. Numerous examples are provided to illustrate different types of risks and categorises them as errors or violations based on various factors such as knowledge and skills. By analysing the psychological factors that contribute to human risk, the paper seeks to provide a more comprehensive understanding of this important issue and suggests ways to mitigate it, focusing on the role of compliance culture, identifying red flags and providing a formula for reducing or eliminating human risk. Given the increasing pressure on financial institutions to comply with complex regulations and prevent financial crime, it is crucial to consider the human factor and its impact on FCC. By understanding the underlying causes of human risk, financial institutions can take steps to mitigate this risk and better protect themselves and their customers.