Cross-Border Brand Collaborations and Cultural Integration: Li-Ning's Expansion into European and Southeast Asian Markets

This paper examines how cross-border brand collaborations function as mechanisms of cultural integration in the internationalization of Chinese sportswear brands, using Li-Ning's expansion into European and Southeast Asian markets as a theoretically informed case study. Rather than treating international growth as a simple process of geographic scaling, the study conceptualizes overseas expansion as a relational process in which symbolic capital, local cultural translation, and channel adaptation jointly shape market legitimacy. Drawing on scholarship on brand globalization, cultural hybridity, consumer nationalism, and collaborative branding, the paper develops an analytical framework that explains how Li-Ning mobilizes domestic heritage while selectively rearticulating it through partnerships, design narratives, and market-specific retail strategies. The analysis shows that Europe and Southeast Asia represent distinct but complementary terrains of integration. In Europe, legitimacy depends more strongly on design credibility, fashion mediation, and the ability to enter highly curated urban consumption spaces. In Southeast Asia, by contrast, shared cultural familiarity, price sensitivity, youth demographics, and the growth of digital commerce create a more accessible but still competitive environment. The paper argues that cross-border collaborations become effective when they do not erase origin, but instead translate origin into intelligible and desirable forms for local audiences. Li-Ning's experience suggests that cultural integration is neither assimilation nor symbolic standardization. It is a selective and iterative process in which collaboration links brand heritage with localized meaning-making. The study contributes to research on emerging-market multinationals by showing how brand expansion increasingly depends on cultural intermediation rather than on production capacity alone.