Research Progress on the Application of Myofascial Trigger Point Theory in Acupuncture Therapy

The myofascial trigger point (MTrP) theory, originally developed within modern Western medicine, shares notable conceptual similarities with traditional medical frameworks, highlighting the interconnectedness of muscular and fascial systems in the generation of pain. MTrPs are recognized as common etiological factors contributing to a wide range of clinical pain conditions, including musculoskeletal disorders, tension-type headaches, and myofascial pain syndromes. In recent years, this theory has received increasing attention both in research and clinical practice, as understanding the mechanisms underlying MTrPs can inform more precise and effective treatment strategies. Acupuncture, a widely employed therapeutic modality in both Eastern and Western medical contexts, has demonstrated consistent efficacy in alleviating pain associated with MTrPs. The practice is thought to modulate local and systemic pain pathways through neurophysiological, biochemical, and mechanical mechanisms. Clinical studies have increasingly explored the integration of MTrP theory into acupuncture practice, investigating its impact on treatment outcomes, optimization of acupoint selection, and individualized therapeutic approaches. This paper provides a systematic review of the current research progress on the clinical application of MTrP theory in acupuncture therapy. Special attention is given to its therapeutic value, underlying mechanisms, and the potential for improving pain management strategies in diverse patient populations. By synthesizing available evidence, the review aims to inform clinicians and researchers about the practical significance of combining MTrP insights with acupuncture, and to highlight future directions for research and clinical practice.