Research on Perceived Value of Cultural Heritage Landscape Elements and Impact on Cultural Identity Based on Online Reviews

This article uses the Statue of Liberty scenic area as a case study to examine the mechanism by which perceived value influences cultural identity in the context of a world cultural heritage site. Based on the online review data of the TripAdvisor website, this paper conducts a content analysis of the online review data in accordance with the ABC theory of attitudes and using the grounded theory method. The research process includes the use of word cloud and word frequency analyses, along with the categorization of landscape elements according to perceived value dimensions. The research results show that the perceived value dimensions vary depending on the specific components of the landscape elements being evaluated by visitors. These include the perceived value of global enlightenment, the perceived value of guiding hope, the perceived value of democratic ideals, the perceived value of collective will, and the perceived value of public education. The semantic analysis of negative comments indicates that visitors’ negative emotions are mainly related to their experience during the visit and the services provided by the scenic area. Further coding analysis indicates that under the ABC theoretical framework of cognition - emotion - intention, the perception of visitors is generally positive, resulting in overall positive emotions. From this, it can be inferred that visitors tend to develop a sense of cultural identity through their positive perceptions and emotions. Finally, based on the patterns identified through coding of the review texts, this paper initially constructs a model illustrating how the perceived value of cultural heritage influences cultural identity, reveals the path of this influence, and indicates that the perception process of visitors is gradually deepened, starting from the initial motivation-driven, developing into emotional awakening through embodied perception during the visit, and finally sublimating into cultural identity. The research results of this paper provide a new classification perspective of landscape elements for the theoretical study of the perceived value of cultural heritage, and have practical significance for the protection and inheritance of cultural resources based on the cultural identity of visitors in cultural heritage landscapes.