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Sustainability of Pension and Related Insurance Systems under Population Aging

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  • Zhang, Qianyu

Abstract

Population aging poses significant challenges to the sustainability of pension and related insurance systems worldwide. This review synthesizes global demographic trends from 1950 to 2050, examines the structural and financial characteristics of pension models, and evaluates the fiscal pressures induced by declining contributor bases and rising dependency ratios. It further explores policy responses, including parametric reforms, systemic multi-pillar diversification, insurance integration, and digital innovations, highlighting international best practices from Sweden, Japan, Germany, Chile, and China. The study emphasizes that sustainable pension governance requires a balanced approach that ensures financial viability while maintaining social adequacy and intergenerational equity. Moreover, international cooperation, demographic adaptation, and technological integration emerge as critical factors for long-term system resilience. By linking empirical data, reform strategies, and global policy frameworks, this review provides insights for policymakers aiming to secure equitable and fiscally sound pension systems in an aging world.

Suggested Citation

  • Zhang, Qianyu, 2025. "Sustainability of Pension and Related Insurance Systems under Population Aging," GBP Proceedings Series, Scientific Open Access Publishing, vol. 18, pages 1-10.
    • Handle: RePEc:axf:gbppsa:v:18:y:2025:i::p:1-10
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