The Effectiveness of Economic Cooperation as an International Communication Mechanism

This study examines how the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) functions as a mechanism for international economic cooperation and sustainable development, with a particular focus on the green energy and intelligent manufacturing sectors. Using an extended gravity model of bilateral trade, the study analyzes the economic, institutional, and geographical factors shaping trade dynamics among BRI participating countries. The findings indicate that trade accessibility improves significantly with higher levels of economic development, political stability, and the presence of trade agreements, whereas geographical distance and reliance on natural resources constrain trade flows. Successful implementation of sustainable economic cooperation through the BRI requires predictable institutional arrangements, adherence to environmental standards, and effective information coordination among participating nations. Consequently, the initiative's role as a tool for economic diplomacy supporting sustainable development depends on favorable environmental and institutional contexts, as well as efforts to mitigate challenges while strengthening green development partnerships. By providing insights into large-scale economic cooperation, this study offers a clearer understanding of the economic, institutional, and environmental challenges that must be addressed to achieve sustainable development objectives.