Reimagining Engineering Drawing Education in the Contemporary Learning Environment

Engineering drawing is the language of engineering, enabling precise communication among designers, manufacturers, constructors, and operators. In recent years, the educational environment has been reshaped by competency-based education, project-based learning, hybrid delivery models, and rapid digitalization across industry. At the same time, engineering practice has shifted from 2D drafting toward model-based definition (MBD), parametric 3D design, digital collaboration platforms, and standards-driven documentation workflows. These changes require engineering drawing education to move beyond procedural training in software commands and instead cultivate transferable competencies: spatial visualization, standards literacy, design intent expression, tolerancing reasoning, and collaborative engineering communication. This paper examines the misalignments between conventional teaching approaches and contemporary needs, and proposes an integrated framework that aligns learning outcomes, authentic tasks, and evidence-based assessment. The framework combines hand sketching as a cognitive tool, 2D and 3D CAD as communication media, and digital pedagogy (virtual labs, interactive feedback, and learning analytics) to support diverse learners. A staged curriculum structure and a multi-source assessment model are provided, together with implementation strategies, resource considerations, and quality assurance recommendations. The study aims to offer actionable guidance for institutions seeking to modernize engineering drawing education while preserving its foundational role in engineering thinking and professional practice.