Study on Nutritional and Health Management Strategies for Benign Tumors in Companion Animals: A Focus on Lipoma

Canine lipoma is the most common benign soft-tissue tumor encountered in veterinary clinical practice, representing approximately 12% of all canine cutaneous tumors. With increasing pet longevity and evolving feeding practices, its detection rate continues to show a steady year-on-year rise. Traditional surgical resection carries a relatively high recurrence rate and significant anesthesia-related risks for geriatric dogs, driving growing interest in alternative nutritional regulation strategies. This review systematically summarizes the epidemiological characteristics of canine lipoma and analyzes the impact of specific dietary components-including medium-chain triglycerides, epigallocatechin gallate, and curcumin-on anti-inflammatory responses, lipid metabolism regulation, and lipogenesis inhibition. Furthermore, a comprehensive nutritional intervention program centered on weight management is proposed. The study also examines the synergistic regulatory effects of medicinal mushroom-based formulations on immune modulation, anti-inflammatory activity, and metabolic reprogramming, ultimately developing a functional supplementation strategy. Dogs serve as the primary research model due to the high incidence of lipomas, abundant epidemiological data, and significant clinical challenges, such as nerve compression and impaired mobility. The strong demand for non-surgical, conservative treatments among pet owners further justifies this focus. Because the pathogenesis of canine lipoma shares similarities with benign lipomas in other mammals, these proposed nutritional intervention strategies may improve clinical management in dogs while providing valuable translational insights for non-surgical interventions in other animals and potentially humans.