Modeling Human Behavior with Large Language Models through Theory of Mind and Artificial Endocrine Systems

This study explores the application of the Computational Theory of Mind (ToM) in artificial intelligence, using large language models (LLMs) enhanced with cognitive biases, meta-programs, and an artificial endocrine system (AES). These agent-based models simulate complex human behavior and decision-making in a structured philosophical debate, where agents modeled after Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, and Kant displayed distinct reasoning styles influenced by their internal bias architecture, cognitive strategies, and hormone-driven emotional modulation. The simulation demonstrated that integrating ToM elements into LLMs significantly enhances behavioral realism and predictive potential. It also introduced the concept of “artificial psychopathologies” — emergent maladaptive behaviors such as paranoia, depression, or narcissism in AI agents — highlighting both the promise and the peril of psychologically-informed AI. As such, this work contributes not only to the advancement of cognitive AI modeling, but also to a broader ethical discourse. The findings support the potential of ToM-AI systems to revolutionize human-computer interaction, provided they are developed under rigorous epistemic and moral safeguards.