Первое Экспериментальное Доказательство Справедливости Монофилетичной Гипотезы Дарвина (1859 Г.)

Based on the numerical characteristics and morphological features of chromosomes of a number of grape va-rieties,a karyogram of Vitis vinifera L. was constructed. The final data on the karyological study of the varietal bank of grapevinecultivars concentrated in the ampelographic collections of National Institute of Viticulture and Winemaking, Moldova and FSBSI Magarach of the RAS indicates that amongst 1977 studied grape varieties and clones, the number of chromosomeswas established for the first time for more than 1900 cultivars. Grape varieties in the vast majority of cases are diploids. Tetraploids with a somatic number of chromosomes 2n=76 and diploid-tetraploid cytochimeras containing two cell gendersin the apical meristem of actively growing shoots were also revealed: with a diploid set (2n=38) and a tetraploid setof chromosomes (2n=76). Karyological and palynological entries indicate close phylogenetic relationships between forestand cultivated grapes, as well as close relations between diff erent ecotypes of Vitis silves-tris Gmel. and Vitis vinifera L.cultivars. In fact, the entries are the first experimental evidence of the correctness of the monophyletic hypothesis of theorigin of cultivated grapes from various ecotypes of the woodland grapes Vitis silvestris Gmel., theorized by C. Darwin(1859) and supported by N. I. Vavilov, P. M. Zhukovsky, A. M. Negrul.