Frequency of Risk Factors for Coronary Artery Disease among Cardiac Patients at Manmohan Cardiothoracic Vascular and Transplant Center, Nepal: Cross-Sectional Study

The study aims to describe frequency of risk factors for coronary artery disease among cardiac patients in central level hospital of Nepal. The study was descriptive cross-sectional involving 106 cardiac patients with coronary artery disease attending catheterization lab, outpatient department, coronary care unit and general cardiac ward of Manmohan Cardiothoracic Vascular and Transplant Centre (MCVTC). Data was collected by using structured questionnaire from September 2016 to October 2016. Purposive sampling technique was used to select the coronary artery disease patients. The frequency rates of nine conventional risk factors are presented as a retrospective single-center observational study. The results of the study revealed the proportion of male and female 64.2% and 35.8% respectively. Of the 106 patients the mean age of the respondents was (58.65±11.26). The most frequency of risk factors for coronary artery disease of the respondents were dyslipidemia (67.6%), smoking (53.8%), hypertension (47.2%), physically inactive (46.2%), diabetes mellitus (39.6%) and previous history of CAD (38.7%). Likewise, other less common risk factors were obesity (31.1%), alcoholic (19.8%) and family history of CAD (17.9%). This study identified coronary artery disease risk factors are highly prevalent among dyslipidemic, smokers and hypertensive patients. As management of risk factor is important aspect in the primary prevention of CAD, these patients are recommended to be trained regarding lifestyle changes. Also, prevention strategies can play an important role in reducing patient morbidity and mortality.