Climate change trends in Vietnam: Evidence from 14 provinces and cities

Climate change progresses gradually but remains a challenge that humanity must actively address in the most constructive and positive manner. Understanding specific trends in temperature change is essential for developing proactive and effective solutions. The study was conducted to analyze surface temperature trends using econometric and machine learning models. Data was collected monthly from January 2002 to December 2023 across 14 provinces and cities in Vietnam, ranging from Tuyen Quang to Ca Mau Cape. The results show that, on average, temperatures increase by 0.38754°C every decade. All provinces exhibit a tendency of rising temperatures, ranging from 0.2016°C to 0.57228°C per decade. Northern provinces show higher temperature increases, with Hanoi experiencing the highest rise. The main trend indicates that temperatures during the hot season increase more significantly than during the cold season, exacerbating negative impacts. The research highlights the critical need to focus on measures to minimize temperature increases in Vietnam. Therefore, it is essential to prioritize green economic development in alignment with environmental protection goals. These findings deepen the understanding of environmental changes, emphasizing the importance of connecting economic and social development goals with environmental protection and sustainable development objectives for the future.