Natural Environment Vis à Vis Living Environment in the Papua Melanesia Culture and Philosophy

The title of this paper Natural Environment vis-à -vis Living Environment in the Culture and Philosophy of Papua Melanesia questions the Natural Environment versus Living Environment in cultural and philosophical life of the Melanesian in general and Papua in particular. In questioning that, we are confronted with three main points, first, in the daily practice of Melanesian ethnicity, especially in Papua, facing tensions that can also be called conflicts of interest between "environment" as the Natural Environment but because it is confined to foreign interests (outsiders) so it must accept the concept of the Living Environment; second, Environmental Concepts in Culture and Philosophy of Papua-Melanesia, third, Peaceful Steps as a logical consequence of the concept of sustainability.The purpose of this writing is academic and practical. The academic goals is using Structuralism and Hidden Structure theory converged with other supporting theories, bringing the compromise and action to nature in a sustainable manner. The practical purpose with respect to that is to know the concept of Papua-Melanesian emik related to the existence environment in the form of daily life behavior as well as philosophy in the form of†source of life†and "way of life".Furthermore, this research also introduces what is called Papuanistics and Melanesianology. Papuanistic focuses on the languages (lingustic) of Papua in this case Melanesian-Austronesians langguages and Non-Austronesian languages or the more elegant are called Papuan languages. Melanesianology focuses on Anthropology. If Papuanistics had just moved in the 1980s, Melanesianology had been going on for a long time since Melanesianist Franz Boas encouraged anthropological studies in the region in 1896. In the meantime, with an understanding of the underlying propriety, through the Department of Anthropology, the Faculty of Social Sciences of Cenderawasih University has been launched the Papuan Anthropology as the Basic Science of the Main Lecture. It would hope to be also applying to all universities in the Land of Papua.The results of this study are revealing from the perspective that Papua Melanesia regulates its environment so that it is in harmony with the available natural environment. The Culture and Philosophy of Papua-Melanesian continues only by a balanced touch of the natural environment with the desired environment. What is more understanding can be confronted with the binary opposition method of Structural Anthropology based on the ideas of Claude Lévi-Strauss.