TPACK-integrated experiential performance learning model to enhance learners' digital competency

This study introduces and validates the Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge–Integrated Experiential Performance Learning (TPACK-EPL) Model, designed to enhance learners’ digital competency through a structured instructional design framework. The model integrates the TPACK framework with experiential and performance-based learning, resulting in a six-phase cycle that connects technological, pedagogical, and content knowledge to authentic and reflective learning experiences. Development involved a systematic literature review, theoretical synthesis, and validation by five experts in educational technology and instructional design. Each phase of the model maps TPACK dimensions to experiential performance learning processes, specifying the roles of both instructors and learners. To evaluate the model, a 34-item expert rubric was developed covering principles, conceptual clarity, pedagogical relevance, technological appropriateness, and alignment with digital competency outcomes. Experts rated the model highly across all dimensions, with an overall mean score of 4.82 (SD = 0.20). Findings suggest that the TPACK-EPL Model provides both theoretical strength and practical applicability, offering educators and instructional designers a robust framework for cultivating digital knowledge, skills, and attitudes. Future research should test its implementation in classroom settings and conduct longitudinal studies to assess sustained impact across diverse educational contexts.