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Endogenous Collateral Constraints and the Leverage Cycle

Author

Listed:
  • Ana Fostel

    (Department of Economics, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052;)

  • John Geanakoplos

    (Department of Economics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
    Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, New Mexico 87501
    Ellington Capital Management, Old Greenwich, Connecticut 06870)

Abstract

We review the theory of leverage developed in collateral equilibrium models with incomplete markets. We explain how leverage tends to boost asset prices and create bubbles. We show how leverage can be endogenously determined in equilibrium and how it depends on volatility. We describe the dynamic feedback properties of leverage, volatility, and asset prices, in what we call the leverage cycle, and show how it differs from a credit cycle. We also describe some cross-sectional implications of multiple leverage cycles, including contagion, flight to collateral, and swings in the issuance volume of the highest-quality debt.

Suggested Citation

  • Ana Fostel & John Geanakoplos, 2014. "Endogenous Collateral Constraints and the Leverage Cycle," Annual Review of Economics, Annual Reviews, vol. 6(1), pages 771-799, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:anr:reveco:v:6:y:2014:p:771-799
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    File URL: http://www.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev-economics-080213-041426
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Kikuchi, Tomoo & Vachadze, George, 2015. "Financial liberalization: Poverty trap or chaos," Journal of Mathematical Economics, Elsevier, vol. 59(C), pages 1-9.
    2. Coppock, Lee A. & Harper, Daniel Q. & Holt, Charles A., 2021. "Capital constraints and asset bubbles: An experimental study," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 183(C), pages 75-88.
    3. Alfredo Schclarek & Jiajun Xu & Jianye Yan, 2023. "The maturity‐lengthening role of national development banks," International Review of Finance, International Review of Finance Ltd., vol. 23(1), pages 130-157, March.
    4. Chabakauri, Georgy & Han, Brandon Yueyang, 2020. "Collateral constraints and asset prices," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 138(3), pages 754-776.
    5. von der Becke Susanne & Sornette Didier, 2019. "An Asset-Based Framework of Credit Creation (applied to the Global Financial Crisis)," Accounting, Economics, and Law: A Convivium, De Gruyter, vol. 9(2), pages 1-21, July.
    6. Karlis, Alexandros & Galanis, Girogos & Terovitis, Spyridon & Turner, Matthew, 2017. "Heterogeneity and Clustering of Defaults," Economic Research Papers 270011, University of Warwick - Department of Economics.
    7. Jon Danielsson & Marcela Valenzuela & Ilknur Zer, 2018. "Learning from History: Volatility and Financial Crises," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 31(7), pages 2774-2805.
    8. Marco Cipriani & Ana Fostel & Daniel Houser, 2019. "Endogenous Leverage and Default in the Laboratory," Staff Reports 900, Federal Reserve Bank of New York.
    9. Dan Bernhardt & Tingjun Liu & Robert Marquez, 2018. "Targeting Target Shareholders," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 64(4), pages 1489-1509, April.
    10. Backus, David & Ferriere, Axelle & Zin, Stanley, 2015. "Risk and ambiguity in models of business cycles," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 69(C), pages 42-63.
    11. Ana Fostel & John Geanakoplos, 2016. "Financial Innovation, Collateral, and Investment," American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics, American Economic Association, vol. 8(1), pages 242-284, January.
    12. Istiak, Khandokar & Serletis, Apostolos, 2020. "Risk, uncertainty, and leverage," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 91(C), pages 257-273.
    13. Cipriani, Marco & Fostel, Ana & Houser, Daniel, 2021. "Leverage and asset prices: An experiment," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 183(C), pages 700-717.
    14. Bachmann, Manuel, 2018. "Market Illiquidity, Credit Freezes and Endogenous Funding Constraints," Department of Economics Working Paper Series 255, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business.
    15. Manuel Bachmann, 2018. "Market Illiquidity, Credit Freezes and Endogenous Funding Constraints," Department of Economics Working Papers wuwp255, Vienna University of Economics and Business, Department of Economics.
    16. A. K. Karlis & G. Galanis & S. Terovitis & M. S. Turner, 2021. "Heterogeneity and clustering of defaults," Quantitative Finance, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 21(9), pages 1533-1549, September.
    17. ÅžimÅŸek, Alp, 2021. "The Macroeconomics of Financial Speculation," CEPR Discussion Papers 15733, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    18. Redouane Elkamhi & Latchezar Popov & Raunaq S. Pungaliya, 2023. "Financial maintenance covenants in bank loans," Economic Theory, Springer;Society for the Advancement of Economic Theory (SAET), vol. 76(4), pages 1197-1255, November.
    19. Andrea Ajello & Nina Boyarchenko & François Gourio & Andrea Tambalotti, 2022. "Financial Stability Considerations for Monetary Policy: Theoretical Mechanisms," Staff Reports 1002, Federal Reserve Bank of New York.
    20. Andreea Minca & Johannes Wissel, 2020. "Dynamic Leveraging–Deleveraging Games," Operations Research, INFORMS, vol. 68(1), pages 93-114, January.
    21. Robert Barsky & Theodore Bogusz & Matthew Easton, 2016. "Interest Rates or Haircuts? Prices Versus Quantities in the Market for Collateralized Risky Loans," Working Paper Series WP-2016-19, Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago.
    22. John Geanakoplos, 2022. "Leverage Cycle Theory of Economic Crises and Booms," Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers 2370, Cowles Foundation for Research in Economics, Yale University.
    23. Danielsson, Jon & Valenzuela, Marcela & Zer, Ilknur, 2020. "Financial volatility and economic growth, 1870-2016," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 118886, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
    24. Mehmet Benturk & Marshall J. Burak, 2018. "Modelling Haircuts: Evidence from NYSE Stocks," Journal of Applied Finance & Banking, SCIENPRESS Ltd, vol. 8(4), pages 1-6.
    25. Aloisio Araujo & J. Mauricio Villalba, 2022. "Equilibrium efficiency with secured and unsecured assets," Economic Theory, Springer;Society for the Advancement of Economic Theory (SAET), vol. 73(4), pages 1025-1049, June.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    collateral equilibrium; collateral value; liquidity wedge; volatility; flight to collateral; contagion; adverse selection; agent-based models;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • D52 - Microeconomics - - General Equilibrium and Disequilibrium - - - Incomplete Markets
    • D53 - Microeconomics - - General Equilibrium and Disequilibrium - - - Financial Markets
    • E3 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Prices, Business Fluctuations, and Cycles
    • E32 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Prices, Business Fluctuations, and Cycles - - - Business Fluctuations; Cycles
    • E44 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Money and Interest Rates - - - Financial Markets and the Macroeconomy
    • G01 - Financial Economics - - General - - - Financial Crises
    • G11 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - Portfolio Choice; Investment Decisions
    • G12 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - Asset Pricing; Trading Volume; Bond Interest Rates

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