Hierarchy of Child Exploitation by Parents in Makassar City, Indonesia

The problem of poverty is formed by the structure itself, even if it is formed by a culture that keeps it in the same condition and has no motivation to change. Family poverty makes children vulnerable to exploitation by parents because children have to take a role in fulfilling family life. In this research, we examine the hegemonic hierarchy of child exploitation in child labor practices as a form of parental exploitation. This research uses qualitative research with the aim of finding out the mechanisms of child exploitation by parents and the hegemony hierarchy of child exploitation. The subjects in this research were 5 children who were victims of exploitation, 5 parents who exploited their children, 3 people from women's empowerment and child protection, 2 people from community development officials, and 5 people from the community around victims of exploitation. Data collection was carried out by observing the research location and finding problems, in-depth interviews to find complete information and documentation. The research results show that there is a hegemonic hierarchy in the form of exploitation of children by parents in Makassar City. The hierarchical form of hegemony in the process has three levels, namely minimum hegemony (there is a feeling of fear in the child, there is frightening pressure or sanctions from parents, and the child's trust decreases), declining hegemony (there is a sense of dependence in the child, the child's trust begins to disappear, and there is the potential for conflict between children and their parents), total hegemony (a sense of responsibility/obligation within the child, no compulsion to work, full or total trust, integration between children and people), and "happy" hegemony (the existence of a sense of joy in the child, an inner drive to work, full or maximum trust, integration between the child and parents). Happy hegemony is the end of the hegemony process, namely a consensus that is built because of a feeling of happiness because children receive rewards after working.