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Cambio estructural en la agricultura colombiana 1980-2005

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  • Hurtado, Carolina

Abstract

En este trabajo se exponen los cambios occuridos en la agricultura colombiana entre los anos de 1980 y 2005, detallando la evolucion de la distribucion de la propiedad rural, del uso del suelo y de la orientacion productiva. El analisis confirma la persistencia de los procesos de concentracion de la propiedad en los estratos mas altos de dimension de las explotaciones, una tendencia historica en la agricultura colombiana. Tambien muestra determinados cambios productivos y en el uso del suelo (crisis del cafe, reduccion de cultivos para consumo interno y expansion de otros para exportacion, reduccion de la superficie agricola y de bosques e incremento del uso para pastos) que en conjunto responden al modelo de economia abierta instalado en Colombia desde inicio de los anos 90. pero tambien se relacionan (en especial, la expansion de superficies para pastos en algunas regiones) con la ciolencia rural y el desplazamiento de poblacion en buena parte del territorio colombiano. Tras el analisis a nivel nacional, por medio de la metodologia de clusters se realiza una tipologia departamental de la agricultura. Finalmente, el estudio de la variacion de determinadas variables, tambien a nivel departamental, permite identificar y situar geograficamente dentro del pais los tres procesos basicos (avance de la gran propiedad, avance de la frontera agropecuaria en zonas de colonizacion, intensiva fragmentacion de la propiedad en zonas de minifundio campesino) que stan marcando los cambios estructurales en la agricultura colombiana. This paper describes the changes that have taken place in the Colombian agriculture between 1980 and 2005, focusing on the evolution of land ownership distribution and the changes on land use and type of production. The analysis confirms a historical trend in the Colombian agriculture, regarding the persistence of processes of ownership concentration mainly affecting the bigger farms. It also shows specific changes related to the type of production and land occupation (coffee crisis, reduction of crops for internal consumption and expansion of others for exportation, reduction of agricultural land and forests, and increase of the use for pasture) that together respond to the liberalized economic model installed in Colombia since the beginning of the 90s; but they are also related ( in particular the increase of land for pasture in some regions) to rural violence and to the displacement of population affecting a large part of the Colombian territories. After the analysis at a national level, a departmental typology of agriculture is outlined using a statistical method, the cluster analysis. Finally, the study of certain variables at a departmental level, allows us to identify and locate geographically three basic process that are influencing the structural changes of the Colombian agriculture: the increase of big properties, the advance of the agricultural frontier in colonization areas, and the fragmentation of property where peasant's small holdings dominate the landscape.

Suggested Citation

  • Hurtado, Carolina, 2010. "Cambio estructural en la agricultura colombiana 1980-2005," Revista Espanola de Estudios Agrosociales y Pesqueros, Ministerio de Medio Ambiente, Rural y Marino (formerly Ministry of Agriculture), issue 226, pages 1-26.
  • Handle: RePEc:ags:spreea:186497
    DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.186497
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