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la productividad del sector agroalimentario espanol (1993-2007)

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  • Alarcón, Silverio

Abstract

Este trabajo estudia el crecimiento de la productividad de la industria de alimentacion y bebidas en el periodo 1993-2007 a partir de los datos agregados de la Encuesta Industrial de Empresas. A partir de ratios de productividad parcial del trabajo y de aproximaciones de la productividad total de los factores (PTF) mediante numeros indice y mediante analisis envolvente de datos, se ha intentado buscar el comportamiento diferencial comparando unos subsectores con otros o en relacion con el conjunto del sector agroalimentario. Los resultados senalan que el gran crecimiento experimentado por la industria de alimentacion y bebidas entre 1993 y 2007 se explica principalmente por el aumento de los factores de produccion, siendo moderado la tasa de crecimiento de productividad total de los factores, 0,48% de media anual. Los metodos no parametricos permiten concluir que este aumento de productividad se debe principalmente a progreso tecnico y no a la mejora en la eficiencia. Ademas se detectan problemas de escala que frenan avances mayores de productividad. Destacan como mejores industrias grasas y aceites y bebidas analcoholicas. En el lado opuesto, panaderia y alimentacion animal presentan perdidas de productividad total de los factores. Las comparaciones en cuanto a productividad por ocupado y empleo muestran que grasas y aceites, frutas y hortalizas, bebidas analcoholicas, y en menor medida, pescados y bebidas alcoholicas presentan tasas de crecimiento de empleo y productividad del trabajo por encima de la media a lo largo del periodo 1993-2007. la peor situacion la afronta la industra del azucar, cacao y chocolate que muestra un retroceso en el empleo que no es compensado por ganacias de productividad por ocupado. This work studies the productivity growth of the food and drink industry in the period 1993-2007 using aggregate data from Industrial Business Survey (INE, National Institute of Statistics, Spain). By means of ratios of labour partial productivity and different approaches to total factor productivity, such as index number and data envelopment analysis, an attempt has been made to look for the differential behaviour within the agrofood industry. The results show the great growth observed in the food and drink industry between 1993 and 2007 is explained mainly by the rise of production factors, being slight the growth of the total factor productivity, 0,48 percent on annual average. The nonparametric methods allow to conclude that this increase of productivity is due principally to technical progress and not to improvements in efficiency. Moreover some problems of scales are detected, which slows down productivity advances. The best behavior on nonparametric total factor productivity is found in fats and oils and analcoholic drinks. in the opposite side, bakery and animal feed present losses of total factor productivity. The comparisons of labour productivity and employment show that fats and oils, fruits and vegetables, analcoholic drinks, and in a lesser extent fishes and alcoholic drinks, offer rates of growth of employment and labour productivity above the average across the 1993-2007 period. The worst situation is faced by the sugar, cocoa and chocolate industry that shows a decrease on employment that is not compensated by gains of labour productivity.

Suggested Citation

  • Alarcón, Silverio, 2010. "la productividad del sector agroalimentario espanol (1993-2007)," Revista Espanola de Estudios Agrosociales y Pesqueros, Ministerio de Medio Ambiente, Rural y Marino (formerly Ministry of Agriculture), issue 226, pages 1-31.
  • Handle: RePEc:ags:spreea:186228
    DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.186228
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