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Principales tendencias del desarrollo agricola: tension entre las variables macro y micro

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  • Dirven, Martine

Abstract

El documento aborda la situacion en America Latina y el Caribe en torno a dos preguntas: le fue bien a la agricultura (en terminos de aumento del valor agregado, de la productividad, de las exportaciones)? Y le fue bien a los agentes activos en la agricultura, es decir a las empresad que tienen en su portafolio a actividades agricolas, a los agricultrores empresariales, a los agricultores por cuenta propia y a los asalariados? La respuesta a la primera pregunta es que, en general, le fue bien a la agricultra de la region. la racionalidad detras de la segunda pregunta, es que no necesariamente le va bien al agricultor o al trabajador agricola, cuando le va bien al sector. Una de las razones es que muchos agricultores se enfrentan a una serie de limitaciones (de capital productivo-tierra, agua, alima, calidad genetica de los animales-, capital humano-education, edad-, localizacion del predio, y acceso a mercados, infraestructura y servicios), por lo que no pueden aprovechar las aportunidades que el mercado -tanto interno como externo- ofrece. Otra razon es que, tanto aguas arriba como aguas abajo, los agentes tienden a tener un alto grado de concentracion, por lo que gran parte de los avances logrados en la agricultura primaria no son necesariamente apropiados por ella. Una tercera razon es que el metodo de calculo -a precios corrientes, a precios constantes, en moneda nacional o en dolares de Estados Unidos, a precios reales del momento o promedios, etc.-, pueden describir bien un aspecto y dar una imagen poco realista de otro. Por ultimo, las fuentes estadisticas son distintas y tienen propositos diferentes, no necesariamente compatibles entre si...The document focuses on Latin America, trying to respond to two main questions: did agriculture fare well (in terms of increase in value added, productivity, exports) and did its economic agents fare well (that is, the enterprises that have agricultural activities in their portfolio, commercial farmers, own-account farmers and salaried workers). The answer to the first question is that, in general, agriculture did do quite well in the region. The rationale behind the second question, is that farmers and agricultural workers do no necessarily progress when agriculture does. One of the reasons is that many farmers face a number of limitations (of capital-land, water, climate, genetic stock of the animals-, human capital-education, -age, localization of farm and access to markets, infrastructure and services), and therefore cannot take advantage of the opportunities that the market -domestic and foreign- offers. Another reason is that the economic agents upstream and downstream usually show a high level of concentration and, therefore, an important part of the progress made in primary agriculture is not necessarily appropriated by it. A third reason is that the method used for calculating an indicator -at current or constant prices, in national currency or in US dollars, at real prices of the moment of purchase or averages, etc.-, can describe well one aspect and give an unrealistic perception of another. Finally, the sources for statistical data are different and they have different purposes, which are not necessarily compatible.

Suggested Citation

  • Dirven, Martine, 2008. "Principales tendencias del desarrollo agricola: tension entre las variables macro y micro," Revista Espanola de Estudios Agrosociales y Pesqueros, Ministerio de Medio Ambiente, Rural y Marino (formerly Ministry of Agriculture), issue 218, pages 1-26.
  • Handle: RePEc:ags:spreea:168090
    DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.168090
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