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Desempenho dos Arranjos Institucionais e Minimização dos Custos de Transação: transações entre produtores e fecularias de mandioca

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  • Vilpoux, Olivier

Abstract

No Brasil, a falta de competitividade do setor de fécula de mandioca em relação ao amido de milho é explicada pelas dificuldades em obter matériaprima – raízes de mandioca – em quantidades e preços estáveis. A resolução desses problemas envolve a adoção de arranjos institucionais que estabilizam as transações entre produtores e industriais. A análise de 37 fecularias permitiu avaliar as características das transações e o desempenho dos arranjos adotados, medido por meio da capacidade das empresas em estabilizar seu fornecimento de matéria-prima. Os arranjos institucionais encontrados foram classificados em seis tipos, do mercado até a integração vertical, em função do nível de garantia oferecido para entrega de matéria-prima. Apesar da existência de especificidade dos ativos e de incerteza, as empresas preferem as transações via mercado spot, arranjo identificado como menos eficiente. A incerteza ligada ao funcionamento das instituições aumenta os custos de transação dos arranjos contratuais, o que explica a preferência dos atores pelo mercado. Os acordos contratuais com garantias intermediárias e fortes foram mais eficientes, mas com maiores custos de transação. Os resultados indicam dois caminhos para melhorar a competitividade do setor: (1) melhoria na eficiência do mercado, sistema com menores custos de transação; (2) redução dos custos de transação dos arranjos institucionais com maiores garantias, o que proporcionaria sistemas mais eficientes. Enquanto nenhuma dessas soluções for adotada, as fecularias brasileiras continuarão com arranjos de baixos custos de transação, mas fraco desempenho.......The lack of competitiveness of Brazilian cassava starch industry in relation to corn starch is explained by the difficulty to obtain raw material (cassava roots) in stable quantities and stable prices. The resolution of these problems involves the adoption of governance systems that stabilize the transactions between producers and processing units. The analysis of 37 factories has allowed the evaluation of transaction costs and the performance of adopted governance systems, calculated from the ability to stabilize raw material supply. The governance systems were classified into six groups, from spot market to vertical integration, depending on the level of warranty offered in the delivery of raw material. Despite the identification of asset specificity and transaction risk, cassava starch companies prefer market transaction, a governance system identified as less efficient. The low efficiency of institutions increase transaction costs of contractual governances, which can explain the preference for the market. Contractual agreements with intermediaries and strong warranties are more efficient, but with high transaction costs. These results indicate two ways to improve the competitiveness of the cassava starch industry: (1) improvement in market efficiency, system with lower transaction costs, (2) reduction of transaction costs for governance systems with more warranties, which might generates more efficient systems. While neither of the two solutions is adopted, Brazilian cassava starch industry continues to adopt low transaction costs, but with weak efficiency.

Suggested Citation

  • Vilpoux, Olivier, 2011. "Desempenho dos Arranjos Institucionais e Minimização dos Custos de Transação: transações entre produtores e fecularias de mandioca," Brazilian Journal of Rural Economy and Sociology (Revista de Economia e Sociologia Rural-RESR), Sociedade Brasileira de Economia e Sociologia Rural, vol. 49(2), pages 1-24, June.
  • Handle: RePEc:ags:rdecag:152571
    DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.152571
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    Agribusiness;

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