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Socioeconomic Classes in Two Villages in Uttar Pradesh

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  • Niladri Dhar

Abstract

This paper examines the identification and transformation of socio-economic classes in two villages of Uttar Pradesh between 2006 and 2023, with a focus on caste, class, and landholding dynamics. Our findings show that in Harevli in western UP and Mahatwar in eastern UP, class structures were shaped by access to land, tenancy, and machinery ownership. The upper classes – landlords and rich peasants – remained relatively stable, while the lower classes experienced some mobility, driven by changes in tenancy and wage labour participation and migration. Tenancy and rental machinery market were key mechanisms of control and exploitation of the poorer households by those at the top of the class hierarchy. Caste remained a significant determinant, reinforcing the economic dominance of upper classes across both villages.

Suggested Citation

  • Niladri Dhar, 2025. "Socioeconomic Classes in Two Villages in Uttar Pradesh," Review of Agrarian Studies, Foundation for Agrarian Studies, vol. 15(2).
    • Handle: RePEc:ags:ragrar:395211
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    File URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/395211/files/RAS862_Socioeconomic_Classes_in_Two_Villages.pdf
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. V. K. Ramachandran & C. A. Sethu, 2025. "Peasants and Proletarians in Harevli and Mahatwar," Review of Agrarian Studies, Foundation for Agrarian Studies, issue 2.
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    Cited by:

    1. Kunal Munjal, 2025. "Cereal Production in the Sugarcane Belt: Commercialisation and Smallholder Tenants in a Western UP Village," Review of Agrarian Studies, Foundation for Agrarian Studies, vol. 15(2).
    2. Deepak Johnson & Tapas Singh Modak, 2025. "Economics of Farming in Mahatwar, Uttar Pradesh," Review of Agrarian Studies, Foundation for Agrarian Studies, vol. 15(2).
    3. Niladri Dhar & Kulvinder Singh, 2025. "Patterns of Diversification in Rural Household Incomes: Evidence from a Longitudinal Study in Uttar Pradesh," Review of Agrarian Studies, Foundation for Agrarian Studies, vol. 15(2).

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