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Rynek bioetanolu i jego rozwój w Unii Europejskiej

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  • Kraużlis, Milda

Abstract

The EU bioethanol market has irrevocably entered the new era inaugurated by the Biofuels Directive. Most of the governments have decided to introduce mandatory ethanol blending into fuels to demonstrate their continuing political support for renewable energy sources and to encourage industry to create new production capacity of bioethanol. In addition there are tax exemptions, with various rates, applying to biofuels across the EU Member States. The largest quantities of bioethanol are produced in Spain, France and Germany, besides that the United Kingdom, Italy and the Netherlands have the ambition to join them in the nearest future as the result of their domestic policies of development. At the beginning of 2007 total ethanol fuel production capacity of the EU was estimated at 2.8 billion litres and production has been substantially increasing ever since. There are signs that sugar beet and wheat will remain as plants most frequently used by the industry and the importance of corn is likely to increase. The oxidant MTBE used in production of fuel is being replaced by ETBE more often, therefore the demand for ethanol will increase. / Synopsis. Rynek bioetanolu w UE nieodwołalnie wszedł w nową erę wprowadzoną przez unijną Dyrektywę Biopaliwa. Większość rządów zdecydowało się na wprowadzenie obowiązkowego dodawania biokomponentów do paliw, kontynuując polityczne wsparcie dla odnawialnych źródeł energii, aby przekonać przemysł do budowy nowych jednostek produkcji bioetanolu. Dodatkowo powszechnie wprowadzono zwolnienia biopaliw z akcyzy, w różnej wysokości w zależności od państwa członkowskiego. Największymi producentami bioetanolu są Hiszpania, Francja i Niemcy, wkrótce po realizacji ambitnych planów rozwoju produkcji dołączą do nich Wielka Brytania, Włochy i Holandia. Na początku 2007 r. zdolności produkcyjne Unii wynosiły 2,8 miliarda litrów bioetanolu , i ulegały szybkiemu wzrostowi. Roślinami używanymi w produkcji będzie nadal burak cukrowy i pszenica, wzrośnie udział kukurydzy. Utleniacz MTBE wykorzystywany w benzynach będzie coraz częściej zastępowany przez ETBE , co zwiększy zapotrzebowanie na etanol.

Suggested Citation

  • Kraużlis, Milda, 2007. "Rynek bioetanolu i jego rozwój w Unii Europejskiej," Problems of World Agriculture / Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, vol. 2(17), pages 1-10, June.
  • Handle: RePEc:ags:polpwa:198936
    DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.198936
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