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Kierunki zmian produkcji zbóż w Polsce po integracji z Unią Europejską

Author

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  • Jaczewska-Kalicka, Anna

Abstract

The cereals are prevailing as a crop in the European Union member countries (EU-25). They cover more than 51 milion hectares, that is about 50% of arable land. Poland has the second place in the EU as far as the acreage of cereal production is concerned and third by the harvested grain crop (about 27 million tons). On the other hand, the yield from 1 hectare is rather low. In 2005 the grain yield was on average 32.3 dt/ha, that is 63% of the average yield in the EU member countries. The causes of such a low yield are mostly the poor natural and ecological conditions, the low technological level and the extremely small area of individual farms. Only the farms of large acreage, economically efficient, well managed and directed by good specialists disposing of a broad knowledge will be able to meet the competition pressure. One of the most important tasks will be the compliance with all EU standards, especially with respect to the quality of the final product. Integration with EU creates a chance to attain this goal if Polish agriculture is able to take advantage of the EU financial help. / Synopsis. W strukturze produkcji roślinnej krajów Unii Europejskiej (UE-25) dominują zboża. Zajmują one ponad 51 mln ha, co stanowi około 50% gruntów ornych. Polska zajmuje 2 miejsce w krajach UE pod względem powierzchni uprawy zbóż (ponad 8 mln ha) i 3 miejsce pod względem wielkości zbiorów (około 27 mln ton). Natomiast plony z jednego ha są bardzo niskie. W 2005 r wyniosły średnio 32,3 dt/ha, co stanowi 63% średniej unijnej wielkości plonu ziarna. Przyczyną tak niskich plonów są m.in.: gorsze warunki przyrodniczo-siedliskowe, niższe zaawansowanie technologiczne oraz duże rozdrobnienie gospodarstw. Presji konkurencyjnej będą mogły sprostać tylko gospodarstwa duże obszarowo, silne ekonomiczne, elastycznie zarządzane i prowadzone przez fachowców dysponujących dużą wiedzą. Jednym z ważniejszych problemów będzie spełnienie wszelkich unijnych wymogów, szczególnie odnoszących się do jakości produkcji. Integracja z UE stwarza możliwość osiągnięcia tego celu poprzez wykorzystanie przez polskie rolnictwo dostępnych środków finansowych.

Suggested Citation

  • Jaczewska-Kalicka, Anna, 2007. "Kierunki zmian produkcji zbóż w Polsce po integracji z Unią Europejską," Problems of World Agriculture / Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, vol. 2(17), pages 1-6, June.
  • Handle: RePEc:ags:polpwa:198892
    DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.198892
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