A bioökonómia fogalma, értelmezései és a koncepció használata az Amazonas-medencében

Bioeconomy – a biomass-based economy – has a diverse theoretical literature and diverse interpretations in economic philosophy. These different bioeconomic approaches to the use of biological resources also appear in tropical countries with exceptionally high biodiversity, with very important practical and sustainability consequences. The aim of this article is to briefly introduce the concept of bioeconomy, the different interpretations of the concept and the possibilities and contradictions of its application in the Amazon basin. The market and growth-oriented bioeconomic approach, which prioritizes competitiveness and the commodification of biological resources, receives serious criticism from an ecosystem- and community-oriented perspective that places great emphasis on ethical and sustainability considerations. One of the latter’s distinctive features is that it is committed to incorporating ideas from indigenous knowledge systems into bioeconomy development ideas. In the countries of the Amazon basin, the bioeconomy holds the promise of a sustainable economic model that would be interested in preserving forest values ​​instead of deforestation. On paper, the idea of ​​a research and innovation-based sector that produces high added value from forest raw materials and adapts to local specificities, which respects biological and cultural diversity and creates greater social well-being, has already been born. Its implementation is surrounded by a number of practical obstacles, from institutional frameworks to underdeveloped infrastructure to the lack of established value chains. However, perhaps the first challenge is for key actors – at local, regional and even global levels – to agree on the concept and some basic principles. Clarifying the conceptual framework of bioeconomy and presenting the approaches helps the reader navigate the main issues and debates surrounding the topic.