Innovációs rangsor és teljesítmény összehasonlítása globális és uniós szinten

The EU's research and development (R&D) expenditure lags significantly behind the R&D expenditure of South Korea, the USA and Japan, and China has even overtaken the EU in this ranking. The EU is therefore unable to keep up with its global competitors, and its international competitiveness is continuously declining. Significant differences have emerged between the performance of the innovation systems of the Member States, with Hungary ranking 21st among the 27 member states. The efficiency of the innovation system in Hungary therefore remains low in international comparison, around 60% of the EU average. In the Visegrád (V4) countries, Hungary's position is the weakest compared to the EU average. Domestic innovation expenditure has been continuously increasing, but R&D expenditure as a percentage of GDP has decreased in 2022 and 2023. In Hungary, the fragmentation of the innovation system is a hindering factor, as well as the low level of production linkages between knowledge-producing and other sectors, and the high proportion of knowledge imports into production, making the process of knowledge transfer, i.e. the growth of innovation output, more difficult. In practice, the relatively high R&D expenditure has not created sufficient quantity and quality of innovation in domestic agriculture that can be utilized in production. Meanwhile, state R&D support for agriculture decreased by 60% between 2020 and 2022. Agricultural innovation today is still mainly about adopting proven innovations, but there are also innovative solutions born from fresh ideas in the domestic agricultural sector.