Generációváltás a mezőgazdaságban: az angol nyelvű nemzetközi közgazdasági szakirodalom szisztematikus áttekintése

Today, replacing the aging agricultural population is a challenge in many food-producing countries. In the United States, the average age of farmers was 57.2 years in 2017, which is 1.2 years higher than in 2012. In the European Union, the proportion of farmers aged 65 and over was 35% in 2016, while the proportion of the younger generation, under 40, was only 11%. Moreover, this phenomenon can also be observed in developing countries, where farmers are getting older and fewer young people are working in this profession. The aim of this research is to provide a comprehensive picture of the generational change in agriculture based on the international economic literature published in recent years, using the method of a systematic literature review. The research seeks answers to the questions: what are the main obstacles and barriers to generational change? What tools and measures can help a successful generational change in agriculture? Research has identified several factors as obstacles to generational change in agriculture. Young people are less motivated to take over family farms, agriculture does not provide them with sufficient income, and working conditions are not ideal. Access to land is severely limited worldwide, and the younger generation has a low bargaining position in the market. Administrative burdens also hinder the generational renewal of farms. The effects of climate change may also discourage young people from this profession. Financial support for generational change in agriculture could be a solution to all these problems. This can enhance modernization, provide farmers with access to land, and bring a positive change in their income, which increases the motivation of young people to farm.