Nemzeti válaszok az agrártermelés modernizációs kihívásaira az EU 2023–27 közötti tervezési időszakában

The CAP – Common Agricultural Policy – ​​together with cohesion policy still represents a large part of the EU budget: almost a third (31.3%) of the resources are spent on supporting agriculture and rural areas. The SPR (Strategic Plan Regulation) has defined the allocations per Member State for both the pillars and the individual sectors. According to the SPR, a total of EUR 260.5 billion will be allocated to the CAP between 2023 and 2027, of which 77% will go to the EAGF (European Agricultural Guarantee Fund) and 23% to the EAFRD (European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development). Member States benefit from these funds to varying degrees. In absolute terms, France, Germany and Spain receive the most support from the EAGF. This fund also finances interventions in certain sectors, with Italy, Greece and France being the main beneficiaries. France, Italy and Poland receive the highest amounts from the EAFRD. In summary, there is still a clear asymmetry in the relative share of the funds between Member States: the ‘new’ Member States (Member States that have joined since 2004) (EU13) receive less than 26% of the EAGF allocations, but 36% of the EAFRD allocations. This is intended to reflect the specific challenges of structural development of agricultural and rural areas, for which the EAFRD is better equipped. However, the EAFRD has to be co-financed from national resources and is therefore less attractive from a budgetary perspective. When financial benefits are expressed in terms of Utilised Agricultural Area (UAA), there are still significant differences, especially in the new Member States.