Karcagi őszibúza fajták nemesítése, piaci lehetőségeik

The 2021 list of the National Variety Register of Arable Plants includes 36 varieties of 14 Karcag plant species, o which 10 are winter wheat varieties, as a result of plant breeding activities at the MATE Karcag Research Institute, The breeding of Karcag wheat varieties takes place in one of the most extreme growing regions of the Central Tisza region, which represents a comparative advantage in classical breeding. The varieties bred here are well adapted to the climatic conditions of the Karcag region, developed as a result of natural and artificial selection; they are also suitable for intensive, semi-intensive and organic cultivation. The primary goal of classical breeding based on pedigree selection is for the new variety to surpass its predecessors in one or more characteristics. The breeder must know the local ecological conditions, the quality and quantity indicators of the given variety, and must also monitor the effect of the vintage and economic expectations: during the production of elite, I. and Il, grades, the development of their margin contribution must also be followed. The calculation and examination of this is important because in a farm, the agronomist's decisions only affect variable costs, so the margin contribution qualifies the work performed. Quantitative and quality indicators are not secondary for market participants either, because when selling the commodity base, it must meet the prescribed quality criteria, despite the fact that even today the quality premium is not always paid. An important revenue-increasing factor is metal-sealed seed, which is the guarantee of the quality commodity base, guarantees varietal purity and excellent utility value. It is regrettable that the rate of use of metal-sealed seed nationwide is still disappointingly low, around 25 percent. A farmer must be aware of which varieties are worth growing in terms of inputs in his/her given farming area, and which agrotechnical techniques should be applied in accordance with the given vintage. The success of his/her farming is determined by 40 percent by the growing location and vintage, and 30 percent by the chosen variety and the applied cultivation technique. At the increasingly frequent regional climate conferences, it is increasingly being said that extreme weather fluctuations have increased in the Carpathian Basin, This can and must be answered by appropriate variety selection, plant breeding behind it, agrotechnical techniques adapted to extreme weather conditions, and economic analyses.